Settingsfile

Settings file

The settings file is controlling the CWatM run

1######## ##          ##  ####  ######  ##    ##
2##       ##          ## ##  ##   ##   ####  ####
3##        ##        ##  ##  ##   ##   ## #### ##
4##        ##   ##   ## ########  ##  ##   ##   ##
5##         ## #### ##  ##    ##  ##  ##        ##
6##         ####  #### ##      ## ## ##          ##
7##########  ##    ##  ##      ## ## ##          ##
8
9# Community Water Model Version 0.99

Components of the settings file

General flags

General flags are set in the first paragraph For example: If Temperature data are in unit ° Celsius ot Kelvin

15[OPTIONS]
16#-------------------------------------------------------
17# OPTION - to switch on/off
18#-------------------------------------------------------
19
20# Data otions
21# if temperature is stored in Kelvin instead Celsius
22TemperatureInKelvin = True
23# if lat/lon the area has to be user defined = precalculated
24gridSizeUserDefined = True
25
26#-----------------------------------------------
27# Evaporation: calculate pot. evaporation (True) or use precalculated pot.evaporation map stacks (False)
28calc_evaporation = False
29
30#-----------------------------------------------
31# Irrigation and water demand
32
33# if irrigation is included, otherwise paddy and non paddy is put into 'grassland'
34includeIrrigation = True
35# if water demand from irrigation, industry and domestic is included
36includeWaterDemand = False
37# Water allocation
38# if water demand and availability is calculated for region to compare demand vs. avail
39usingAllocSegments = False
40# limit abstraction to available groundwater (True) include fossil groundwater (False)
41limitAbstraction = False
42
43# Environmental Flow
44calc_environflow = False
45use_environflow = False
46
47#-----------------------------------------------
48# Soil 
49# use preferential flow, that bypasses the soil matrix and drains directly to the groundwater (not for irrPaddy)
50preferentialFlow = False
51# Capillar rise
52CapillarRise = True
53
54#-----------------------------------------------
55# Routing
56
57# if runoff concentration to the edge of a cell is included
58includeRunoffConcentration = True
59# Waterbodies like lakes and reservoirs
60includeWaterBodies = True
61# kinematic wave routing, if False no routing is calculated
62includeRouting = True
63
64#-----------------------------------------------
65# Inflow from outside of the modelled area
66inflow = False
67
68# --- Reporting & Debugging ------------------- ----------------------------------------------
69# Reporting options
70writeNetcdfStack = True
71reportMap = True
72reportTss = True
73# Checking water balance (for debugging)
74calcWaterBalance = False
75sumWaterBalance = False
76# use additional PCRaster GIS commands
77PCRaster = False
78
79
80
81
82
83
84#-------------------------------------------------------
85# DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETERS

NetCDF meta data

The format for spatial data for input and output data is netCDF. For output data the basic information are given in the settingsfile

102[NETCDF_ATTRIBUTES]
103institution = IIASA
104title = Global Water Model - WATCH WDFEI
105metaNetcdfFile = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/source/metaNetcdf.xml

For each output file the specific information about units, variable name, displayed variable name is given in the metaNetcdf.xml. See: Output meta information

Path of data, output

Note

Further on the pathes can be used as placeholders

88#-------------------------------------------------------
89[FILE_PATHS]
90#-------------------------------------------------------
91PathRoot = E:/CWATM_rhine
92
93PathOut = $(PathRoot)/output
94PathMaps = $(PathRoot)/cwatm_input
95PathMeteo = $(PathRoot)/climate

Defining the modeling area

In general the input data are stored and used at global scale. The modeling area can be defined by:

  • a mask map e.g.: $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/source/rhine30min.tif

  • coordinates e.g.: 14 12 0.5 5.0 52.0

  • lowest point of a catchment e.g.: 6.25 51.75

Note

The mask map can be a .tif, PCraster or a netCDF format
The coordinates have the format: Number of Cols, Number of rows, cellsize, upper left corner X, upper left corner Y
The point location (lon lat) will be used to create the catchment upstream of this point

Warning

If you use a mask map, make sure you do not use blanks in the file path or name!

108# AREA AND OUTLETS
109#-------------------------------------------------------
110[MASK_OUTLET]
111
112# Area mask
113# A pcraster map, tif or netcdf map e.g.  $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/area_indus.map
114# or a retancle: Number of Cols, Number of rows, cellsize, upper left corner X, upper left corner Y 
115MaskMap = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/source/rhine30min.tif
116#MaskMap = 14 12 0.5 5.0 52.0
117
118
119#-------------------------------------------------------
120# Station data
121# either a map e.g. $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/area3.map
122# or a location coordinates (X,Y) e.g. 5.75 52.25 9.25 49.75 )
123# Lobith/Rhine
124Gauges = 6.25 51.75
125
126# if .tif file for gauges, this is a flag if the file is global or local
127# e.g. Gauges = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/gaugesRhine.tif
128GaugesLocal = True

Note

If you start with a basin defined by the outlet of a basin e.g. 6.25 51.75
You can generate a new mask map for the following runs by:
savebasinmap = True in [OPTIONS]
a basin.tif is generated in the output folder, which you can copy and use next time as:
MaskMap = your_directory/basin.tif

Defining the time

The start and end time have to be defined. Spin-up time is the time for warming up (results will be stored after the spin-up time)

Note

The time can be given as date: dd/mm/yyyy or as relative date: number (but then CalendarDayStart has to be defined)

Note

Spin-up time can be given as date or number

130#-------------------------------------------------------
131[TIME-RELATED_CONSTANTS]
132#-------------------------------------------------------
133
134# StepStart has to be a date e.g. 01/06/1990
135# SpinUp or StepEnd either date or numbers 
136# SpinUp: from this date output is generated (up to this day: warm up)
137
138StepStart = 1/1/1990
139SpinUp =  1/01/1995
140StepEnd =  31/12/2010

Initial conditions

Initial conditions can be stored and be loaded in order to initialise a warm start of the model

Note

Initial conditions are store as one netCDF file with all necessary variables

145#-------------------------------------------------------
146[INITITIAL CONDITIONS]
147#-------------------------------------------------------
148
149# for a warm start initial variables a loaded
150# e.g for a start on 01/01/2010 load variable from 31/12/2009
151load_initial = False
152initLoad = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/init/Rhine_19891231.nc
153
154# saving variables from this run, to initiate a warm start next run
155# StepInit = saving date, can be more than one: 10/01/1973 20/01/1973
156save_initial = False
157initSave = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/init/Rhine
158StepInit = 31/12/1989 31/12/2010

StepInit indicate the date(s) when initial conditions are saved:

StepInit = 31/12/1989
StepInit = 31/12/1989 31/12/2010
StepInit = 31/12/1989 5y
here: second value in StepInit is indicating a repetition of year(y), month(m) or day(d),
e.g. 2y for every 2 years or 6m for every 6 month

Reading information

Information will be read in from values in the settings file Here the value definitions for [SNOW] is shown:

279#-------------------------------------------------------
280[SNOW]
281#-------------------------------------------------------
282
283# Number of vertical Snow layers
284NumberSnowLayers = 7
285# up to which layer the ice melt is calculated with the middle temperature
286GlacierTransportZone = 3
287
288# Temperature lapse rate with altitude [deg C / m]
289TemperatureLapseRate = 0.0065 
290# Multiplier applied to precipitation that falls as snow
291SnowFactor = 1.0
292# Range [m C-1 d-1] of the seasonal variation, SnowMeltCoef is the average value
293SnowSeasonAdj = 0.001
294# Average temperature at which snow melts
295TempMelt =1.0
296# Average temperature below which precipitation is snow
297TempSnow = 1.0
298# Snow melt coefficient: default: 4.0 
299# SRM: 0.0045 m/C/day ( = 4.50 mm/C/day), Kwadijk: 18 mm/C/month (= 0.59 mm/C/day)  
300# See also Martinec et al., 1998.
301
302# use in CALIBRATION -> copied to CALIBRATION
303#SnowMeltCoef = 0.004
304IceMeltCoef  = 0.007
305
306#--------------------------------------------------------------
307# INITIAL CONDITIONS - Initial snow depth in snow zone 1-7 [mm]  - SnowCoverIni
308
309[FROST]
310# Snow water equivalent, (based on snow density of 450 kg/m3) (e.g. Tarboton and Luce, 1996)
311SnowWaterEquivalent = 0.45
312# Daily decay coefficient, (Handbook of Hydrology, p. 7.28)
313Afrost = 0.97
314# Snow depth reduction coefficient, [cm-1], (HH, p. 7.28)
315Kfrost = 0.57
316# Degree Days Frost Threshold (stops infiltration, percolation and capillary rise)
317# Molnau and Bissel found a value 56-85 for NW USA.
318FrostIndexThreshold = 56

Note

TemperatureLapseRate = 0.0065 | for the variable TemperatureLapseRate the value of 0.0065 is set

Variables can also be defined by spatial maps or map stacks

tanslope = $(PathTopo)\tanslope.map
forest_coverFractionNC   = $(PathForest)\coverFractionInputForest366days.nc

Note

suffix can be .map, but if there is no PCraster map it will look automatically for netCDF .nc

Warning

in most cases values can be replaced by map

Sections of information

  • Snow

  • Frost

  • General information on land cover types

  • Soil

  • Information for each of the six land cover types

    • Forest

    • Grassland

    • Paddy irrigated area

    • Irrigated area

    • Sealed area

    • Water covered area

  • Interflow

  • Groundwater

  • Water demand

  • Runoff concentration

  • Routing

  • Lakes and reservoirs

  • Inflow

Complete settings file

Example of a settings file:

  1# ------------------------------------------------
  2
  3######## ##          ##  ####  ######  ##    ##
  4##       ##          ## ##  ##   ##   ####  ####
  5##        ##        ##  ##  ##   ##   ## #### ##
  6##        ##   ##   ## ########  ##  ##   ##   ##
  7##         ## #### ##  ##    ##  ##  ##        ##
  8##         ####  #### ##      ## ## ##          ##
  9##########  ##    ##  ##      ## ## ##          ##
 10
 11# Community Water Model Version 0.99
 12# SETTINGS FILE
 13# ------------------------------------------------
 14
 15
 16[OPTIONS]
 17#-------------------------------------------------------
 18# OPTION - to switch on/off
 19#-------------------------------------------------------
 20
 21# Data otions
 22# if temperature is stored in Kelvin instead Celsius
 23TemperatureInKelvin = True
 24# if lat/lon the area has to be user defined = precalculated
 25gridSizeUserDefined = True
 26
 27#-----------------------------------------------
 28# Evaporation: calculate pot. evaporation (True) or use precalculated pot.evaporation map stacks (False)
 29calc_evaporation = False
 30
 31#-----------------------------------------------
 32# Irrigation and water demand
 33
 34# if irrigation is included, otherwise paddy and non paddy is put into 'grassland'
 35includeIrrigation = True
 36# if water demand from irrigation, industry and domestic is included
 37includeWaterDemand = False
 38# Water allocation
 39# if water demand and availability is calculated for region to compare demand vs. avail
 40usingAllocSegments = False
 41# limit abstraction to available groundwater (True) include fossil groundwater (False)
 42limitAbstraction = False
 43
 44# Environmental Flow
 45calc_environflow = False
 46use_environflow = False
 47
 48#-----------------------------------------------
 49# Soil 
 50# use preferential flow, that bypasses the soil matrix and drains directly to the groundwater (not for irrPaddy)
 51preferentialFlow = False
 52# Capillar rise
 53CapillarRise = True
 54
 55#-----------------------------------------------
 56# Routing
 57
 58# if runoff concentration to the edge of a cell is included
 59includeRunoffConcentration = True
 60# Waterbodies like lakes and reservoirs
 61includeWaterBodies = True
 62# kinematic wave routing, if False no routing is calculated
 63includeRouting = True
 64
 65#-----------------------------------------------
 66# Inflow from outside of the modelled area
 67inflow = False
 68
 69# --- Reporting & Debugging ------------------- ----------------------------------------------
 70# Reporting options
 71writeNetcdfStack = True
 72reportMap = True
 73reportTss = True
 74# Checking water balance (for debugging)
 75calcWaterBalance = False
 76sumWaterBalance = False
 77# use additional PCRaster GIS commands
 78PCRaster = False
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85#-------------------------------------------------------
 86# DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETERS
 87#-------------------------------------------------------
 88
 89#-------------------------------------------------------
 90[FILE_PATHS]
 91#-------------------------------------------------------
 92PathRoot = E:/CWATM_rhine
 93
 94PathOut = $(PathRoot)/output
 95PathMaps = $(PathRoot)/cwatm_input
 96PathMeteo = $(PathRoot)/climate
 97
 98
 99
100
101#-------------------------------------------------------
102[NETCDF_ATTRIBUTES]
103institution = IIASA
104title = Global Water Model - WATCH WDFEI
105metaNetcdfFile = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/source/metaNetcdf.xml
106
107#-------------------------------------------------------
108# AREA AND OUTLETS
109#-------------------------------------------------------
110[MASK_OUTLET]
111
112# Area mask
113# A pcraster map, tif or netcdf map e.g.  $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/area_indus.map
114# or a retancle: Number of Cols, Number of rows, cellsize, upper left corner X, upper left corner Y 
115MaskMap = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/source/rhine30min.tif
116#MaskMap = 14 12 0.5 5.0 52.0
117
118
119#-------------------------------------------------------
120# Station data
121# either a map e.g. $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/area3.map
122# or a location coordinates (X,Y) e.g. 5.75 52.25 9.25 49.75 )
123# Lobith/Rhine
124Gauges = 6.25 51.75
125
126# if .tif file for gauges, this is a flag if the file is global or local
127# e.g. Gauges = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/data/areamaps/gaugesRhine.tif
128GaugesLocal = True
129
130#-------------------------------------------------------
131[TIME-RELATED_CONSTANTS]
132#-------------------------------------------------------
133
134# StepStart has to be a date e.g. 01/06/1990
135# SpinUp or StepEnd either date or numbers 
136# SpinUp: from this date output is generated (up to this day: warm up)
137
138StepStart = 1/1/1990
139SpinUp =  1/01/1995
140StepEnd =  31/12/2010
141
142
143
144
145#-------------------------------------------------------
146[INITITIAL CONDITIONS]
147#-------------------------------------------------------
148
149# for a warm start initial variables a loaded
150# e.g for a start on 01/01/2010 load variable from 31/12/2009
151load_initial = False
152initLoad = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/init/Rhine_19891231.nc
153
154# saving variables from this run, to initiate a warm start next run
155# StepInit = saving date, can be more than one: 10/01/1973 20/01/1973
156save_initial = False
157initSave = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/init/Rhine
158StepInit = 31/12/1989 31/12/2010
159
160#-------------------------------------------------------
161# CALIBARTION PARAMETERS
162#-------------------------------------------------------
163[CALIBRATION]
164
165# These are parameter which are used for calibration
166# could be any parameter, but for an easier overview, tehey are collected here
167# in the calibration template a placeholder (e.g. %arnoBeta) instead of value
168
169# Snow  
170SnowMeltCoef = 0.0027
171# Cropf factor correction  
172crop_correct =  1.11
173#Soil
174soildepth_factor = 1.28
175#Soil preferentialFlowConstant = 4.0, arnoBeta_add = 0.1
176preferentialFlowConstant = 4.5
177arnoBeta_add = 0.19
178# interflow part of recharge factor = 1.0
179factor_interflow = 2.8
180# groundwater recessionCoeff_factor = 1.0
181recessionCoeff_factor = 5.278
182# runoff concentration factor runoffConc_factor = 1.0
183runoffConc_factor = 0.1
184#Routing manningsN Factor to Manning's roughness = 1.0 [0.1-10.]
185manningsN = 1.86
186# reservoir  normal storage limit (fraction of total storage, [-]) [0.15 - 0.85] default 0.5
187normalStorageLimit = 0.44
188# lake parameter - factor to alpha: parameter of of channel width and weir coefficient  [0.33 - 3.] dafault 1.
189lakeAFactor = 0.33
190# lake parameter - factor for wind evaporation
191lakeEvaFactor = 1.52
192#-------------------------------------------------------
193# TOPOGRAPHY MAPS
194#-------------------------------------------------------
195[TOPOP]
196# local drain direction map (1-9)
197Ldd = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/routing/ldd.map
198
199# Elevation standard deviation [m], i.e. altitude difference elevation within pixel.
200# Used for sub-pixel modelling of snow accumulation and melt
201ElevationStD = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/topo/elvstd.map
202
203# Area of pixel [m2] (for lat/lon every cell has a different area)
204CellArea = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/routing/cellarea.map
205
206#-------------------------------------------------------
207# INPUT METEOROLOGICAL TIMESERIES AS MAPS
208#-------------------------------------------------------
209[METEO]
210# precipitation [kg m-2 s-1]
211#PrecipitationMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/pr*
212PrecipitationMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/30min/pr_rhine*
213# average daily temperature [K]
214#TavgMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/tavg*
215TavgMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/30min/tavg_rhine*
216
217# ----------------------------------------
218# This is used if calc_evaporation = False
219
220# daily reference evaporation (free water) 
221E0Maps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/30min/EWRef_rhine.nc
222#E0Maps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/EWRef_daily*
223# daily reference evapotranspiration (crop) 
224ETMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/30min/ETRef_rhine.nc
225#ETMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/ETRef_daily*
226
227# --------------------------------
228# from kg m-2s-1 to m : 86.4
229precipitation_coversion = 86.4
230
231# from MM to m : 0.001
232#precipitation_coversion = 0.001
233
234evaporation_coversion = 1.00
235
236# OUTPUT maps and timeseries
237#OUT_Dir = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)
238#OUT_MAP_Daily = Precipitation, prec1
239
240#-------------------------------------------------------
241# CALCULATE EVAPORATION - PENMAN - MONTEITH
242#-------------------------------------------------------
243[EVAPORATION]
244
245# This is used if calc_evaporation = True
246# use albedo maps
247albedo = True
248albedoMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/albedo/albedo.nc 
249
250# if not albedo maps use fixed albedo
251# Albedo of bare soil surface (Supit et. al.)
252AlbedoSoil = 0.15
253# Albedo of water surface (Supit et. al.)
254AlbedoWater = 0.05
255# Albedo of vegetation canopy (FAO,1998)
256AlbedoCanopy = 0.23
257
258# use specific humidity (TRUE) QAir,  or relative humidity (FALSE) - rhs
259useHuss = False
260
261# map stacks Temperature [K}]
262TminMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/tmin*
263TmaxMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/tmax*
264# Instantaneous surface pressure[Pa]
265PSurfMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/ps*
266# 2 m istantaneous specific humidity[kg /kg] (QAir) or relative humidity [%] (rhs)
267RhsMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/hurs*
268# wind speed maps at 10m [m/s]
269WindMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/wind*
270# radiation surface downwelling shortwave maps  [W/m2]
271RSDSMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/rsds*
272# radiation surface downwelling longwave maps [W/m2] [W/m2]
273RSDLMaps = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMeteo)/rlds*
274
275# OUTPUT maps and timeseries
276#OUT_Dir = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)
277#OUT_MAP_Daily = EWRef, ETRef, temp, prec
278
279#-------------------------------------------------------
280[SNOW]
281#-------------------------------------------------------
282
283# Number of vertical Snow layers
284NumberSnowLayers = 7
285# up to which layer the ice melt is calculated with the middle temperature
286GlacierTransportZone = 3
287
288# Temperature lapse rate with altitude [deg C / m]
289TemperatureLapseRate = 0.0065 
290# Multiplier applied to precipitation that falls as snow
291SnowFactor = 1.0
292# Range [m C-1 d-1] of the seasonal variation, SnowMeltCoef is the average value
293SnowSeasonAdj = 0.001
294# Average temperature at which snow melts
295TempMelt =1.0
296# Average temperature below which precipitation is snow
297TempSnow = 1.0
298# Snow melt coefficient: default: 4.0 
299# SRM: 0.0045 m/C/day ( = 4.50 mm/C/day), Kwadijk: 18 mm/C/month (= 0.59 mm/C/day)  
300# See also Martinec et al., 1998.
301
302# use in CALIBRATION -> copied to CALIBRATION
303#SnowMeltCoef = 0.004
304IceMeltCoef  = 0.007
305
306#--------------------------------------------------------------
307# INITIAL CONDITIONS - Initial snow depth in snow zone 1-7 [mm]  - SnowCoverIni
308
309[FROST]
310# Snow water equivalent, (based on snow density of 450 kg/m3) (e.g. Tarboton and Luce, 1996)
311SnowWaterEquivalent = 0.45
312# Daily decay coefficient, (Handbook of Hydrology, p. 7.28)
313Afrost = 0.97
314# Snow depth reduction coefficient, [cm-1], (HH, p. 7.28)
315Kfrost = 0.57
316# Degree Days Frost Threshold (stops infiltration, percolation and capillary rise)
317# Molnau and Bissel found a value 56-85 for NW USA.
318FrostIndexThreshold = 56
319
320#--------------------------------------------------------------
321# INITIAL CONDITIONS: FrostIndexIni
322
323[VEGETATION]
324cropgroupnumber = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/others/cropgrp.nc
325# soil water depletion fraction, Van Diepen et al., 1988: WOFOST 6.0, p.86, Doorenbos et. al 1978
326
327#-------------------------------------------------------
328[SOIL]
329#-------------------------------------------------------
330
331PathTopo = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/topo
332PathSoil = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/soil
333PathSoil1 =  $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/others
334
335# Topography - tangent slope, slope length  
336tanslope = $(PathTopo)/tanslope.map
337slopeLength = $(PathTopo)/slopeLength.map
338
339# maps of relative elevation above flood plains
340relativeElevation = $(PathTopo)/dzRel_hydro1k.nc
341
342# Soil hydraulic properties
343
344# soil (Hypres pedotransfer function - http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ESDB_Archive/ESDBv2/popup/hy_param.htm)
345KSat1 = $(PathSoil1)/ksat1.map
346KSat2 = $(PathSoil1)/ksat2.map
347KSat3 = $(PathSoil1)/ksat3.map
348# Alpha: an Genuchten’s shape parameter
349alpha1 = $(PathSoil1)/alpha1.map
350alpha2 = $(PathSoil1)/alpha2.map
351alpha3 = $(PathSoil1)/alpha3.map
352#Lambda: an Genuchten’s shape parameter = n-1-> n = lamda+1, m = 1 - (1/n)
353lambda1 = $(PathSoil1)/lambda1.map
354lambda2 = $(PathSoil1)/lambda2.map
355lambda3 = $(PathSoil1)/lambda3.map
356# thetas  is the volumetric water content θ saturated 
357thetas1 = $(PathSoil1)/thetas1.map
358thetas2 = $(PathSoil1)/thetas2.map
359thetas3 = $(PathSoil1)/thetas3.map
360# thetar is the volumetric water content θ residual 
361thetar1 = $(PathSoil1)/thetar1.map
362thetar2 = $(PathSoil1)/thetar2.map
363thetar3 = $(PathSoil1)/thetar3.map
364
365percolationImp = $(PathSoil)/percolationImp.map
366
367maxGWCapRise    = 5.0
368
369minCropKC        = 0.2
370minTopWaterLayer = 0.0
371
372# Soil depth
373StorDepth1 = $(PathSoil)/storageDepth1.map
374StorDepth2 = $(PathSoil)/storageDepth2.map
375
376# preferential flow (between 1.0 and 8.0)
377# used in CALIBRATION -> copied to CALIBRATION
378#preferentialFlowConstant = 4.0
379
380#-------------------------------------------------------
381[LANDCOVER]
382PathLandcover = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface
383
384coverTypes = forest, grassland, irrPaddy, irrNonPaddy, sealed, water
385coverTypesShort = f, g, i, n, s, w
386fractionLandcover = $(PathLandcover)/fractionLandcover.nc
387
388# Landcover can vary from year to year
389dynamicLandcover = True
390# if landcover cannot vary, which year should be taken as fixed year
391fixLandcoverYear = 1961
392
393#-------------------------------------------------------
394
395[__forest]
396PathForest = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/forest
397PathSoil1 =  $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/others
398
399# Parameters for the Arno's scheme 
400# arnoBeta is defined by orographic,+ land cover add + calibration add, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this 
401# range [0.01 - 1.2]
402forest_arnoBeta = 0.2
403
404#forest_soil
405forest_KSat1 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_ksat1.map
406forest_KSat2 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_ksat2.map
407forest_KSat3 = $(PathSoil1)/ksat3.map
408forest_alpha1 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_alpha1.map
409forest_alpha2 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_alpha2.map
410forest_alpha3 = $(PathSoil1)/alpha3.map
411forest_lambda1 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_lambda1.map
412forest_lambda2 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_lambda2.map
413forest_lambda3 = $(PathSoil1)/lambda3.map
414forest_thetas1 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_thetas1.map
415forest_thetas2 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_thetas2.map
416forest_thetas3 = $(PathSoil1)/thetas3.map
417forest_thetar1 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_thetar1.map
418forest_thetar2 = $(PathSoil1)/forest_thetar2.map
419forest_thetar3 = $(PathSoil1)/thetar3.map
420
421# other paramater values
422forest_minInterceptCap  = 0.001
423forest_cropDeplFactor   = 0.0
424
425forest_fracVegCover  = $(PathForest)/fracVegCover.map
426forest_rootFraction1 = $(PathForest)/rootFraction1.map
427forest_rootFraction2 = $(PathForest)/rootFraction2.map
428#forest_maxRootDepth  = 2.0
429forest_maxRootDepth  = $(PathForest)/maxRootDepth.map
430forest_minSoilDepthFrac = $(PathForest)/minSoilDepthFrac.map
431
432
433forest_cropCoefficientNC = $(PathForest)/CropCoefficientForest_10days.nc
434forest_interceptCapNC    = $(PathForest)/interceptCapForest10days.nc
435
436# initial conditions: forest_interceptStor, forest_w1, forest_w2, forest_w3, 
437
438
439[__grassland]
440PathGrassland = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/grassland
441
442# Parameters for the Arno's scheme: 
443grassland_arnoBeta = 0.0
444# arnoBeta is defined by orographic,+ land cover add + calibration add, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this
445# range [0.01 - 1.2]
446
447# other paramater values
448
449grassland_minInterceptCap  = 0.001
450grassland_cropDeplFactor   = 0.0
451
452grassland_fracVegCover  = $(PathGrassland)/fracVegCover.map
453grassland_rootFraction1 = $(PathGrassland)/rootFraction1.map
454grassland_rootFraction2 = $(PathGrassland)/rootFraction2.map
455grassland_maxRootDepth  = $(PathGrassland)/maxRootDepth.map
456grassland_minSoilDepthFrac = $(PathGrassland)/minSoilDepthFrac.map
457
458
459grassland_cropCoefficientNC = $(PathGrassland)/CropCoefficientGrassland_10days.nc
460grassland_interceptCapNC    = $(PathGrassland)/interceptCapGrassland10days.nc
461
462# initial conditions: grassland_interceptSto, grassland_w1, grassland_w2, grassland_w3
463
464
465[__irrPaddy]
466PathIrrPaddy = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/irrPaddy
467
468# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
469irrPaddy_arnoBeta = 0.2
470# arnoBeta is defined by orographic,+ land cover add + calibration add, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this
471# range [0.01 - 1.2]
472
473# other paramater values
474
475irrPaddy_minInterceptCap  = 0.001
476irrPaddy_cropDeplFactor   = 0.0
477
478irrPaddy_fracVegCover  = $(PathIrrPaddy)/fracVegCover.map
479irrPaddy_rootFraction1 = $(PathIrrPaddy)/rootFraction1.map
480irrPaddy_rootFraction2 = $(PathIrrPaddy)/rootFraction2.map
481irrPaddy_maxRootDepth  = $(PathIrrPaddy)/maxRootDepth.map
482irrPaddy_minSoilDepthFrac = $(PathIrrPaddy)/minSoilDepthFrac.map
483
484irrPaddy_cropCoefficientNC = $(PathIrrPaddy)/CropCoefficientirrPaddy_10days.nc
485
486# maximum flooding depth for paddy
487irrPaddy_maxtopwater = 0.05
488
489
490
491# initial conditions: irrPaddy_interceptStor, irrPaddy_w1, irrPaddy_w2, irrPaddy_w3
492
493
494
495[__irrNonPaddy]
496PathIrrNonPaddy = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/irrNonPaddy
497
498# Parameters for the Arno's scheme:
499irrNonPaddy_arnoBeta = 0.2
500# arnoBeta is defined by orographic,+ land cover add + calibration add, the soil water capacity distribution is based on this
501# range [0.01 - 1.2]
502
503# other paramater values
504
505
506irrNonPaddy_minInterceptCap  = 0.001
507irrNonPaddy_cropDeplFactor   = 0.0
508
509irrNonPaddy_fracVegCover  = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/fracVegCover.map
510irrNonPaddy_rootFraction1 = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/rootFraction1.map
511irrNonPaddy_rootFraction2 = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/rootFraction2.map
512irrNonPaddy_maxRootDepth  = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/maxRootDepth.map
513irrNonPaddy_minSoilDepthFrac = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/minSoilDepthFrac.map
514
515
516irrNonPaddy_cropCoefficientNC = $(PathIrrNonPaddy)/CropCoefficientirrNonPaddy_10days.nc
517
518
519# initial conditions: irrNonPaddy_interceptStor, irrNonPaddy_w1, irrNonPaddy_w2, irrNonPaddy_w3
520
521
522[__sealed]
523PathSealed = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/sealed
524
525sealed_minInterceptCap  = 0.001
526
527# initial conditions: sealed_interceptStor
528
529
530[__open_water]
531PathWater = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landcover/water
532
533water_minInterceptCap  = 0.0
534
535#-------------------------------------------------------
536[GROUNDWATER]
537#-------------------------------------------------------
538
539PathGroundwater = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/groundwater
540
541recessionCoeff = $(PathGroundwater)/recessionCoeff.map
542# baseflow = recessionCoeff * storage groundwater
543specificYield = $(PathGroundwater)/specificYield.map
544kSatAquifer = $(PathGroundwater)/kSatAquifer.map
545# both not used at the moment in groundwater modul, but already loaded
546
547#--------------------------------------------------------------
548# INITIAL CONDITIONS: storGroundwater
549
550
551#-------------------------------------------------------
552[WATERDEMAND]
553#-------------------------------------------------------
554
555PathWaterdemand = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/waterDemand
556# For water demand vs. availability: areas have to be aggregated
557# Allocation map
558allocSegments = $(PathWaterdemand)/catchx.nc
559
560domesticWaterDemandFile = $(PathWaterdemand)/domesticWaterDemand.nc
561industryWaterDemandFile = $(PathWaterdemand)/industryWaterDemand.nc
562
563irrNonPaddy_efficiency = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/waterDemand/efficiency.nc
564irrPaddy_efficiency = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/landsurface/waterDemand/efficiency.nc
565
566#irrNonPaddy_efficiency = 0.8
567#irrPaddy_efficiency = 0.8
568irrigation_returnfraction = 0.5
569
570# -----------------------------------------------------------
571# Estimate of fractions of groundwater and surface water abstractions
572# Either a fixed fraction for surface water abstration
573# based on fraction of average baseflow and upstream average discharge 
574# if swAbstractionFrac < 0: fraction is taken from baseflow / discharge 
575# if swAbstractionFrac > 0 this value is taken as a fixed value 
576swAbstractionFrac = 0.9
577averageDischarge = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/discharge_totalavg_rhine30min.nc
578# in [m3/s]
579averageBaseflow  = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/baseflow_totalavg_rhine30min.nc
580# in [m3/s]
581baseflowInM = True
582# if baseflow is in [m] instead of [m3/s] it will be converted
583
584
585#-------------------------------------------------------
586# RUNOFF CONCENTRATION
587#-------------------------------------------------------
588[RUNOFF_CONCENTRATION]
589
590# using triagular weigthning method
591# the bigger the factor, more lag time 
592forest_runoff_peaktime = 1.0
593grassland_runoff_peaktime = 0.5
594irrPaddy_runoff_peaktime = 0.5
595irrNonPaddy_runoff_peaktime = 0.5
596sealed_runoff_peaktime = 0.15 
597water_runoff_peaktime = 0.01
598
599interflow_runoff_peaktime =1.0
600baseflow_runoff_peaktime = 2.0
601
602# initial conditions:
603# here only 1 layer is shown, but there are up to 10: runoff_concIni
604
605
606#-------------------------------------------------------
607# ROUTING MAPS and PARAMETERSD
608#-------------------------------------------------------
609[ROUTING]
610
611PathRouting = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/routing
612
613# Number of substep per day
614# should be 10 for 0.5 deg but 24 for 0.1 deg
615
616NoRoutingSteps = 10
617#kinematic wave parameter: 0.6 is for broad sheet flow
618chanBeta = 0.6
619
620# Channel gradient (fraction, dy/dx)
621chanGrad = $(PathRouting)/kinematic/changrad.nc
622# Minimum channel gradient (for kin. wave: slope cannot be 0)
623chanGradMin = 0.0001
624
625#Channel Manning's n
626chanMan = $(PathRouting)/kinematic/chanman.nc
627#Channel length [meters]
628chanLength = $(PathRouting)/kinematic/chanleng.nc
629#Channel bottom width [meters]
630chanWidth = $(PathRouting)/kinematic/chanbw.nc
631#Bankfull channel depth [meters]
632chanDepth = $(PathRouting)/kinematic/chanbnkf.nc
633
634# initial conditions: channelStorageIni, riverbedExchangeIni, dischargeIni  
635
636#-------------------------------------------------------
637# LAKES AND RESERVOIRS
638#-------------------------------------------------------
639[LAKES_RESERVOIRS]
640
641PathLakesRes = $(FILE_PATHS:PathMaps)/routing/lakesreservoirs
642
643# Use reservoirs and lakes (otherwise use only lakes Lake ID=1 and 3 => natural conditions)
644useResAndLakes = True
645# Reservoirs do have a year of implementation
646dynamicLakesRes = True
647# if Reservoirs does not have a year of implemtation, which year should be taken as fixed year
648fixLakesResYear = 1950
649
650
651#----------------------------
652#Big lakes and Reservoirs
653
654# ID of every lake, reservoir from HydroLakes database
655waterBodyID = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResID.nc
656# 1 for lake, 2 for reservoir, 3 for lake and reservoir
657waterBodyTyp = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResType.nc
658# Avergae discharge from HydroLakes Database
659waterBodyDis = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResDis.nc
660
661# Lakes surface area from HydroLakes Database 
662waterBodyArea = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResArea.nc
663# a factor to scale the outlet of a lake
664#lakeAFactor = 1.0  -> calibration
665
666#----------------------------
667# Small lakes and reservoirs
668
669useSmallLakes = True
670
671smallLakesRes = $(PathLakesRes)/smallLakesRes.nc
672smallwaterBodyDis = $(PathLakesRes)/smalllakesresDis.nc
673
674# averageRunoff in [m] (if not given smallwaterBodyDis is taken instead)
675#averageRunoff  = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/runoff_totalavg_cali.nc
676
677# for water demand
678#min storage in [m3] (if not give it is calculated)
679#minStorage  = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/minsmalllakeStorage_cali.nc
680
681
682# initial conditions: lakeInflowIni, lakeStorageIni, outLakeIni, lakeOutflowIni, reservoirStorageIni 
683
684#------------------
685# Reservoirs
686# reservoir volume from HydroLakes database
687waterBodyVolRes = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResVolRes.nc
688# reservoir starting year from HydroLakes database 
689waterBodyYear = $(PathLakesRes)/lakesResYear.nc
690
691#  Conservative, normal and flood storage limit (fraction of total storage, [-])
692conservativeStorageLimit = 0.1
693#normalStorageLimit = 0.5   # --> put into calibration
694floodStorageLimit = 0.9
695# adjusting the balance between normal and flood storage
696# [0 ..1]  0: NormalstorageLimit      1: (= closer to flood) results in keeping the normal qoutflow longer constant
697adjust_Normal_Flood = 0.5
698
699# Minimum, Normal and Non-damaging reservoir outflow  (fraction of average discharge, [-])
700MinOutflowQ = 0.2
701NormalOutflowQ = 1.0
702NonDamagingOutflowQ = 4.0
703
704# initial conditions: lakeInflowIni, lakeStorageIni, outLakeIni, lakeOutflowIni, reservoirStorageIni 
705
706
707#-------------------------------------------------------
708[INFLOW]
709#-------------------------------------------------------
710
711# if option inflow = true
712# the inflow from outside is added at inflowpoints
713In_Dir = $(FILE_PATHS:PathRoot)/in
714
715# nominal map with locations of (measured)inflow hydrographs [cu m / s]
716InflowPoints = $(In_Dir)/in.map
717#InflowPoints = 8.25 49.75 7.75 50.25
718
719# if InflowPoints is a map, this flag is to identify if it is global (False) or local (True)
720# observed or simulated input hydrographs as time series [cu m / s]
721# Note: that identifiers in time series have to correspond to InflowPoints
722# can be several timeseries in one file or different files e.g. main.tss mosel.tss
723#QInTS = main1.tss mosel1.tss
724QInTS = mm.tss
725
726
727
728#-------------------------------------------------------
729[ENVIRONMENTALFLOW]
730#-------------------------------------------------------
731
732# Either calculate without run with predone discharge (set calc_ef_after = False)
733calc_ef_after = True
734# Or calculate after run (set calc_ef_after = False) and defining the file to be used
735EFDis = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/discharge_rhine.nc
736
737# if predone discharge, do the maps need to be cut to fit to the mask?
738cut_ef_map = False
739
740EnvironmentalFlowFile = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)/MQ90_12month.nc
741
742# MAF: Mean, Q90: percentile 90, MMF: monthly average, MQ90: monthly Q90 9averagwed over al Jan, Feb..
743# EF_VMF: Environmental flow - variable monthly flow, EF_VMF_LIH - EF- variable monthly flow, high intermediate, low class
744OUT_Dir = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)
745#OUT_MAP_Once = MAF, Q90
746#OUT_MAP_12month = MMF, MQ90, EF_VMF, EF_VMF_LIH
747#OUT_MAP_12month = MQ90, EF_VMF
748
749
750
751#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
752#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
753
754
755[OUTPUT]
756
757# OUTPUT maps and timeseries
758OUT_Dir = $(FILE_PATHS:PathOut)
759
760OUT_TSS_Daily = discharge
761#OUT_TSS_MonthAvg = discharge
762#OUT_TSS_AnnualAvg = discharge
763
764#OUT_Map_Daily = discharge
765#OUT_Map_MonthAvg = discharge, precipitation, runoff
766#OUT_Map_AnnualAvg = discharge
767#OUT_MAP_TotalAvg = discharge, baseflow
768
769
770
771